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Home > The Courses > Course Home Pages > Seeing the Image in Imagery: A Lesson Plan Using Film

Seeing the Image in Imagery: A Lesson Plan Using Film

by Lorri Horn
Santa Monica High School
Santa Monica, California

Rationale and Objective
Bombarded by visual media, many students have a hard time visualizing what is communicated to them only in print. In class discussions and timed writings, my students often could not identify imagery accurately or explain the author's purpose in employing it. My objective in developing this lesson was to help students recognize and explain the appeal of imagery.

I first introduce The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald (Scribner), a text rich in imagery, by showing the opening half-hour of the film (directed by Jack Clayton, 1974), a more accessible medium than the print text for many students. From there, we apply the understanding of imagery in the film to the print medium.

Activities and Instruction
1. I review with students the definition and different kinds of imagery by giving them a minilecture. I then assign each student one of those types of imagery and distribute the following handout:

Imagery:
  • Is the use of language to represent objects, actions, feelings, thoughts, ideas, states of mind, and any sensory or extrasensory experience
  • Signifies all of the objects and qualities of sense perception referred to in a poem or other piece of literature
  • Includes appeals to the visual, auditory, tactile, thermal (heat or cold), olfactory, gustatory, and kinesthetic senses
  • As you watch the film, take careful notes on how the director uses ___________ imagery [the type of imagery the student was assigned] in the scene we watch.
2. I then put students in groups with other students who watched for the same imagery in the film and have them respond to the following questions:
What moments did you notice your assigned imagery appear in the film?

How does the director's use of imagery seem to achieve some purpose or effect? Be sure that you name clearly what that purpose or effect is. Consider elements such as foreshadowing, irony, symbolism, characterization, and juxtaposition as you develop your ideas.

Go back to the novel and look at the scene we watched. Where do you see evidence of the imagery the filmmakers incorporate into their film? What moments do you see where they have added imagery that Fitzgerald did not intend? Cite page numbers for reference.
3. Finally, I ask students to write a well-developed paragraph responding to the following prompt:
Write a paragraph in which you analyze how the director uses imagery to achieve some purpose or effect that you name clearly. Be sure to consider elements such as foreshadowing, irony, symbolism, characterization, and juxtaposition as you develop your ideas.
4. I assess them using the following scoring guide:
8-9
Paragraphs earning these scores clearly identify how the director uses imagery early in the film in order to achieve a clearly named purpose. They consider elements such as foreshadowing, irony, symbolism, characterization, or juxtaposition as they develop their analysis. Paragraphs in this category aptly support what they have to say and demonstrate stylistic maturity by an effective command of sentence structure, diction, and organization.

6-7
Paragraphs earning these scores discuss some of the film director's use of elements such as foreshadowing, irony, symbolism, characterization, or juxtaposition as they develop their analysis, though with less detail or fewer supporting examples than the best paragraphs. These paragraphs may analyze the imagery with limited attention to defining a purpose, or they may analyze the tone and literary elements with limited connection back to the imagery. Paragraphs in this category clearly support what they have to say and demonstrate competent command of sentence structure, diction, and organization. The arguments in these paragraphs are sound, but they may be presented with less coherence or persuasive force than essays in the 8-9 range.

5
These paragraphs may concentrate on the imagery with only general attention to literary elements as they are used to achieve some purpose, or they may analyze the presentation of the literary elements with only general treatment of the imagery. Some lapses in diction or syntax may be present, but the writing demonstrates sufficient control of the elements of composition to present the writer's ideas clearly. Organization is evident but may not be fully realized or particularly effective.

3-4
These paragraphs respond inadequately to the question's tasks, often by revealing one or more of these flaws: a restatement or summary of the film with little analysis, an argument consisting largely of assertions without persuasive supporting evidence, or imprecise or incomplete treatment of the director's use of imagery. These paragraphs may not relate their analysis to elements such as foreshadowing, irony, symbolism, characterization, or juxtaposition as they develop their analysis. The writing is sufficient to convey the writer's ideas, but it may suggest weak control over diction, syntax, or organization. These essays may contain consistent spelling errors or some flaws in grammar.

1-2
These paragraphs fail to respond adequately to either part of the question's task. Although the writer attempts to answer the question, the response exhibits little clarity about purpose and imagery or only slight or misguided evidence in its support. These essays may be poorly written on several counts, be unpersuasively brief, or present only assertions without substantive evidence. They may reveal consistent weaknesses in grammar or other basic elements of composition.
Conclusion
The inclusion of visual media in this assignment scaffolds for students how authors make such conscious choices in their writing. It slows down students who tend to skim text in search of dialogue and helps them to focus when text becomes rich with detail. Showing a film in this way also provides a different modality for the intellectual process of examining literature and as such turns some students on to a text that might otherwise be less accessible to them. Thanks to Hollywood, there are many such films available that we can pair with the texts we teach. Even the not-so-good films -- does The Scarlet Letter (1995) come to mind for anyone else? -- can still provide a great comparison to an author's purpose and attention to details.


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