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II. Population Growth and Decline Over Time and Space
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| | To read the narrative and see further sections under each listed heading, please see "More" below.
Historical Trends and Projections for the Future
For much of human history, Earth's population was relatively small. It was also relatively stable, never experiencing dramatic change -- until the First Agricultural Revolution.
Patterns of Fertility, Mortality, and Health
The counter-balance to fertility in the demographic equation is mortality. Improving health conditions have brought death rates down, first in Europe and North America, and more recently in virtually every country worldwide.
Regional Variations of Demographic Transitions
While communicable diseases and preventable health conditions have been held at bay, non-communicable diseases and degenerative conditions associated with aging have gained a foothold.
Effects of Pro- and Anti-Natalist Policies
At the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, Egypt in 1994, 180 countries endorsed an action plan that calls for improvement in the status of women, alleviation of poverty, provision of better health care (including family planning), and protection of the environment.
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